Tropical Storm

Though less fearsome than a full-fledged hurricane, tropical storm still are very powerful and often destructive weather systems, whose winds can cause millions of dollars in damage and whose rains can often turn torrential, inundating towns and cities with severe flooding. 

While you've probably heard the term tropical storm mentioned in a forecast, usually in connection with a system that has graduated from a tropical depression  and is on its way to becoming a hurricane. What exactly do these terms mean? What specifically, is a tropical storm and how is it different from a hurricane or a tropical depression? 

Ok, let me answer the question in a simply way. a tropical storm is a type of tropical cyclone, one that has intensified enough to reach sustained wind speeds of at least 39 mph. Once it reaches this level of strength and intensity, a tropical depression becomes a tropical storm, and receives an official name from the National Hurricane Center.

Furthermore, it is at this point also that a tropical cyclone starts to take on the features we commonly associate with hurricanes, as its winds become stronger and more organized than those of a tropical depression and its rotation starts to take on a more circular shape. 

Tropical storms represent the next-to-last phase of tropical cyclone development -- before a tropical cyclone officially becomes a named hurricane, it passes through four distinct stages: tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm and finally, hurricane (which is reached when a storm's sustained winds reach 74 mph or greater).

Heavy rain and flooding: Tropical storms biggest threat

Though they don't pack the same powerful winds that hurricanes do or at least not at the same intensity as a hurricane, tropical storms still bring nearly as great a threat from heavy rains and flooding to both coastal communities as well as areas far inland. 

In fact, a storm that is classified as a hurricane for much of its life cycle may actually be downgraded to a tropical storm by the time it makes landfall. That doesn't mean it can't cause severe damage -- some of the most destructive named storms in U.S. history were tropical storms when they made landfall, and yet still caused dozens of deaths and hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to property and homes. 

Here's we include a few of the most notable tropical storms to hit the U.S. coast in recent memory for you to know and gaining some knowledge..

Tropical Storm Claudette (1979)

Residents who have lived in the Houston, Texas, area since the late 1970s will no doubt have strong memories of Tropical Storm Claudette, which set a record for rainfall in a 24-hour period in the town of Alvin, near Houston -- an observer there reported 43 inches of rain in 24 hours, a United States record for a 24-hour rainfall amount, according to the National hurricane Center. 

Claudette was first detected as a tropical wave that moved off the African coast on July 11. The wave spawned a tropical depression on July 16 that briefly became a tropical storm the next day as it approached the Leeward and Virgin Islands. Over the next couple of days, Claudette weakened back into a tropical depression and then regained tropical storm strength over the western Gulf on July 23 and made landfall the next day near the Louisiana-Texas border. 

Claudette produced tropical storm conditions along portions of the Texas and Louisiana coasts, but the storm will be most remembered for its rainfall. Widespread amounts in excess of 10 inches occurred over portions of southeastern Texas and southwestern Louisiana, with several local amounts in excess of 30 inches. 

The rains produced severe flooding that was responsible for one death and $400 million in damage. The storm also produced heavy rains over portions of Puerto Rico that were responsible for one death. 

Tropical Storm Alberto (1994)

The hurricane season of 1994 was barely a month old when Tropical Storm Alberto deluged the Gulf coastline with heavy rains and severe floods in parts of Alabama, Florida and even into western Georgia, leaving an estimated 30 people dead and $500 million in damage across the storm-stricken areas. 

Alberto was first detected as a tropical wave that moved off the African coast on June 18. By late June, the wave had moved into the western Caribbean and formed into a tropical depression near the western tip of Cuba on June 30. Now a full-fledged tropical cyclone, it moved northwest through July 1 as it became a tropical storm and then turned northward. This motion continued until Alberto made landfall in the western Florida Panhandle on July 4th and later moved north-northeastward into western Georgia, where it did a loop on the 5th and 6th. The cyclone finally dissipated over central Alabama on July 7. 

Alberto's winds and tides produced only minor damage at the coast, but the excessive rains that fell in Georgia, Alabama, and western Florida were another story. Amounts exceeded 10 inches in many locations, with the maximum being the 27.61-inch storm total at Americus, Ga. (including 21 inches in 24 hours). Severe flooding resulted over large portions of southern Georgia, western Alabama, and the western Florida Panhandle. 

Tropical Storm Allison (2001)

Known as perhaps the deadliest and costliest U.S. tropical storm on record -- responsible for 41 deaths and at least $5 billion in damage -- Tropical Storm Allison began life as an area of disturbed weather over the northwestern Gulf of Mexico on June 5, 2001, and later developed into a tropical storm. 

The storm made landfall near Freeport, Texas later that day, though it weakened to a depression on the 6th while drifting northward. Allison then made a slow loop over southeastern Texas from the 7th through the 9th, and later moved into the Gulf of Mexico, where it acquired subtropical characteristics. It then moved east-northeastward over southeastern Louisiana on the 11th, where it re-intensified into a subtropical storm. 

Allison weakened back to a subtropical depression on the 12th while continuing east-northeastward, and this motion carried it to southeastern North Carolina by the 14th where it again stalled. The cyclone drifted northward to northeastward drift over land on the 15th and 16th. This was followed by a faster northeastward motion on the 17th as the center emerged into the Atlantic. Allison regained subtropical storm strength later that day before becoming extratropical on the 18th southeast of Cape Cod. The system dissipated southeast of Nova Scotia the next day. 

Allison brought tropical-storm-force winds and above-normal tides to portions of the Texas and Louisiana coasts. However, the greatest legacy of the cyclone was the widespread heavy rains and resulting floods along its path. The areas worst affected were Houston, Texas -- where the Port of Houston reported nearly 37 inches -- and a number of other locations where rainfall amounts reached more than 30 inches. The storm also spawned 23 tornadoes. 

Source: National Hurricane Center

How much did hurricane Katrina damage the U.S economy?

Katrina damages estimates

The actual cost of Hurricane Katrina's damage was between $96-$125 billion, with $40-$66 billion in insured losses. Half of these losses were a result of flooding in New Orleans. An estimated 300,000 homes were destroyed or otherwise made uninhabitable. At least 118 million cubic yards of utter debris and devastation was left behind, making clean up efforts a mind-boggling attempt. 

University of North Texas Profession Bernard Weinstein put the total economic loss from Katrina to be as high as $250 billion. That's because he takes into account not just the damage, but the impact for disrupted gas production and general effect on national economic growth. For example, in 2005, economic growth as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth went from 3.8% in the third quarter (July-September, when Katrina hit) to 1.3% in the fourth quarter (October-December, when production losses were felt). Fortunately, at that time the economy was still growing strongly, and by the first quarter in 2006 GDP growth bounced back to a robust 4.8%.

Why did Katrina damage the economy so much?

Hurricane Katrina affected 19% of U.S. oil production. Hurricanes Katrina (and a smaller previous Hurricane Rita) destroyed 113 offshore oil and gas platforms, damaged 457 oil and gas pipelines, and spilled nearly as much oil as the Exxon Valdez oil disaster. This caused oil prices  to increase by $3 a barrel, and gas prices to nearly reach $5 a gallon. To stop the escalation in gas prices prices, the U.S. government released oil from its stockpile in the Strategic Petroleum Reserves.

Katrina's impact was so devastating because of its path. It struck the heart of Louisiana's sugar industry, with an estimated $500 million annual crop value, according to the American Sugar Cane League. This area of Louisiana had 50 chemical plants, which produced 25% of the nation's chemicals. The nearby Mississippi coast was home to 12 casinos, which took in $1.3 billion annually.

As important as these industries are, the main damage was done to the City of New Orleans. Hurricane Katrina caused $260 million in damage to the port, although it was open to ships just a week later. The city's tourism industry created $9.6 billion annually before Katrina, and has only recently returned to attracting 7.1 million visitors each year, up from 2.6 million in 2006.

Of more importance, but impossible to quantify, was the impact on people and animals. More people were displaced (770,000) than during the dust bowl migration during the great depression. About 1/10 of these (75,000 people) found out on their return that their homes had been destroyed.

The Louisiana death toll was 1,836 people. Old age was a contributing factor, since 71% of those who died were 60 years or older, while nearly half of those were more than seventy-five. Sadly, at least 68 were found in nursing homes, possibly abandoned by their caretakers. After the disaster, nearly 200 bodies were left unclaimed. Over 700 people were unaccounted for. The storm killed or made homeless 600,000 pets.

How does Katrina's damage compare to other natural disasters?

Normally, hurricanes that hit the heavily populated East Coast cause the most damage. In 2012,superstorm Sandy came ashore with 14-foot waves attacking Lower Manhattan, plunging the area into darkness and flooding the subway system. More than 8 million people along the Eastern Seaboard were out of power. The massive storm, although technically not a hurricane, dropped 2-3 feet of snow in West Virginia. Early estimates are that the storm will cost $20 billion in property damage, but much more in overall economic impact.

In 2011, hurricane Irene hit New York and New England, but had slowed down dramatically after reaching landfall, and so didn't cause nearly as much damage as anticipated. Katrina was ten times more destructive than the second most expensive hurricane, Andrew, which was also a Category 5 storm when it hit Florida in 1995. It destroyed $35 billion in property, slightly more than  hurricane Ike, which was a Category 4 at its peak, and cost the U.S. economy $24.9 billion in 2008. 

Source : http://useconomy.about.com

Issues of Katrina hurricane

For more information, we include the video for you to watch related to the issue of hurricane.. Please enjoy the video.. The title of this video is "Hurricane Katrina Day by Day".

Wednesday, August 24th

Over the Bahamas forms Tropical Depression 12, a swirling band of wind and rain. It picks up moisture and heat and with them, speed. As its winds reach 39 miles per hour, it becomes a tropical storm.  And is given a name: Katrina. Along the coast of Florida, a hurricane warning is announced, the first of many.

Thursday, August 25th

By four o’clock, Katrina grows into a category one hurricane. With eighty-mile-an-hour winds, it sideswipes through Florida just north of Miami. By midnight, over a million homes lose power. Eleven lives are lost.

Friday, August 26th

Katrina hooks north into the Gulf of Mexico and quickly picks up speed and size, becoming a category 2 hurricane. Locals try to safeguard their property, while the governors of Louisiana and Mississippi declare states of emergency.

Saturday, August 27th

As its winds reach one hundred and fifteen miles per hour, Katrina turns into a category 3 hurricane, with New Orleans in its sights. City officials urge those who can to evacuate. Traffic jams snarl the highways as up to eighteen thousand cars an hour try to make it out of harm’s way.

Sunday, August 28th

Katrina grows into a Category Four hurricane. A few hours later, it reaches Category Five, the highest possible rating. Winds exceed one hundred and seventy five miles an hour.

All residents in New Orleans are ordered to evacuate. For those without the means to leave, the city sets up shelters. Many locals simply hunker down in their homes and prepare to weather the storm.

Monday, August 29th

As dawn breaks, Katrina’s wind speeds slow back down to a Category 4 hurricane. It makes landfall at six a.m., 60 miles southeast of New Orleans.

Its hundred and forty-five mile-an-hour winds pummel the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. The eye of the storm moves just east of New Orleans, but the city is not spared. New Orleans sits below sea level, surrounded by Lake Pontchartrain, and the Mississippi River. High flood walls, called levees, keep the water at bay.

But by eight a.m., there are reports that a levee has broken. The waters of Lake Pontchartrain rush in. Levees in three locations are breached. Eighty percent of the city is flooded. Some neighborhoods are submerged under twenty feet of water.

As night falls, Katrina slows to a tropical storm. It heads north through Tennessee and into Kentucky.

Tuesday, August 30th

The damage is immense. In Mississippi, the hurricane has crushed coastal towns. Hundreds are feared dead.  New Orleans lies in shambles. It is left without power, without drinking water. Many residents are stranded on rooftops, desperate to be rescued. Bodies float in the streets. Looting breaks out. Thousands make their way to Superdome and Convention Center in hopes of being evacuated.

Wednesday, August 31st

The waters stop rising, but the city is in chaos. Looting and violence are so widespread that police are forced to stop rescue operations to combat the problem.

Thursday, September 1st

Conditions at the Superdome and Convention Center are increasingly unsafe. People lack food, water, and basic sanitation. There are reports of violent assaults.

All together, over 50,000 people wait for the buses that will evacuate them. For most, the buses do not come.

 Friday, September 2nd

The National Guard arrives in force and restores order. They bring convoys of food and water. Evacuations begin in earnest.

Aftermath

By the following Monday, the Army Corps of Engineers plugs major holes in the levees. Draining pumps go back in operation. And the waters subside.

The residents of the Gulf slowly return, their lives forever changed by the power of a hurricane..

How Hurricane Katrina formed Katrina 

At 6:10 am on Monday, August 29th, a category 4 hurricane named Katrina made landfall on the Louisiana coast, laying waste to everything in its path.. Where did this catastrophic storm come from?

On August 24th, the temperature of the ocean off the coast of the Bahamas hovered around 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Warm, moist air was rising from the ocean surface. As the air rose, it condensed to form a system of thunderstorms. This condensation releases heat, which warms the cool air of the atmosphere, causing it to rise. As that air rises, more warm, moist air from the ocean takes its place. This creates a cycle which continuously moves heat from the ocean to the atmosphere. The motion creates a pattern of wind that begins to circulate and forms a center. Occasionally, one such spinning wheel of thunderstorms gathers strength, feeding on moisture and heat. When the winds of Tropical Depression Twelve hit 39 mph, Tropical Storm Katrina was born. Most severe tropical storms spin out their lives uneventfully in the open sea. Some, like Katrina, are destined for landfall. She moved slowly - sometimes as slow as six miles per hour - but she was getting stronger and heading toward Florida. Katrina was only a category 1 hurricane when it glanced off the Florida coast and spun out into the Gulf of Mexico. In the Gulf, the water hit a steamy 87 degrees Fahrenheit. These warmer waters caused Katrina to grow even more intense. After three days swirling over the warm waters of the Gulf, Katrina grew to a Category 5 hurricane, with winds whipping at a sustained 160 mph. Before it would make landfall, Katrina would be downgraded to a category 4, but that was little consolation. With sustained winds near 155 mph, and a storm surge over 20 feet high, Katrina was still the most destructive storm to hit the area in 36 years. Once over land, Katrina dealt a mighty and devastating blow to Louisiana and Mississippi At the same time, robbed of the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, the storm began to weaken. 12 hours after landfall, Katrina was no longer a hurricane, with maximum sustained winds of only 65 mph. A few short hours later, the only thing left of Katrina was the destruction in her wake.

Source : http://video.nationalgeographic.com

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Damage and Effects of Hurricanes

When making landfall along the coastline, a hurricane brings more than its intensely powerful and destructive winds ashore. Hurricanes also are responsible for a range of weather impacts, from storm surge and flooding caused by heavy rains to tornadoes.. Hurricane can cause too large amount of financial losses due to damages of hurricane.. Below, we show you some images of effects of hurricane.. 

 

Storm surge

Storm surge is a rapid rise in the level of water that moves onto land as the eye of the storm makes landfall. Generally speaking, the stronger the hurricane, the greater the storm surge. 

As a hurricane approaches the coast, its winds drive water toward the shore. Once the edge of the storm reaches the shallow waters of the continental shelf, water piles up. Winds of hurricane strength force the water onto shore. 

At first, the water level climbs slowly, but as the eye of the storm approaches, water rises rapidly. Wave after wave hits the coast as tons of moving water hammer away at any structure on the coastline. A cubic yard of water weighs about 1,700 pounds. 

The surge is greater if a hurricane's track is perpendicular to the coastline, allowing the surge to build higher. The storm surge is also greater if the storm affects a bay or if it makes landfall at high tide. The greatest storm surge occurs to the right of where the eye makes landfall. 

Winds

The winds of a hurricane range from 74 mph (65 knots) in a minimal storm to greater than 155 mph (136 knots) in a catastrophic one. Accurate readings of high wind gusts during landfall are difficult to obtain because anemometers (wind-speed measuring devices) at reporting stations can be ripped from their foundations. 

Wind is responsible for much of the structural damage caused by hurricanes. High winds uproot trees and tear down power lines. The maximum winds from fast moving and powerful storms may remain high, even when the storm is well inland. Often this is actual wind speed combined with the speed of the storm. 

Tornadoes

Tropical cyclones also can trigger tornadoes. Each storm has a unique pattern of tornadoes whose frequency and occurrence is highly variable from one storm to the next. 

Tornadoes spawned from hurricanes are more likely during an intense hurricane or one that is intensifying at or near landfall. 

The process of hurricane

Did you ever heard about hurricane that frequently happened outside of our country ?? I bet most of you would agree, right ?? But, did you know the process of hurricane before it occurs ?? Ok, before i tell you about the process, let me explain the word hurricane first .. So, what exactly is a hurricane ?

The word "hurricane" was first used to described any localized tropical cyclone in the West Indies. Derived from the Spanish word "huracan" which was most likely by Hunraken, the name for the ancient Mayam storm god or Hurakan, the Quiche god of thunder or any number of other Caribbean terms for evil spirits or big winds.

Ok now, i will briefly explain the process or stages of the occurrence of huriccane ..

For your information, the process begins in the warm, moist air over the waters of the region as the tropics which includes the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the International Dateline and north of the equator. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, hurricanes and typhoons are all tropical cyclones and all may develop in the region.

Before it can become a hurricane, a tropical cyclone which is a low pressure system with a defined wind circulation that develops over the tropics. It must pass through four distinct stages which are:

Stage 1: Tropical Disturbance

A tropical disturbance is a discrete system of clouds, water and thunderstorms that originates in the tropics and remains intact for 24 hours or more. Tropical waves are a type of tropical disturbance that develops about every four to five days and some of these waves eventually strengthen to become tropical storms hurricanes. Sometimes it called easterly waves because they are the areas of low pressure that move generally from east to west embedded in the tropical easterly winds.

Stage 2: Tropical Depression

Second stage states that when a tropical disturbance develops a closed circulation for example counter clockwise winds blowing around a center of low pressure in the Northern Hemisphere, it is designated as a tropical depression. Tropical depressions contain maximum sustained one minute wind of 38 mph (33 knots) or less at an elevation of 10 meters.

Stage 3: Tropical Storm

At stage 3, a tropical storms have maximum sustained one minute winds of 39 - 73 (34 - 63 knots) at an elevation of 10 meters. If sustained wind speeds increase o at least 35 knots, a tropical depression is upgraded to a tropical storm. The surface wind speeds vary between 34 and 63 knots and the storm becomes more organized. The tropical storms resemble the appearance of hurricanes due to the intensified circulation.

Stage 3: Hurricane

At the last stage, as the surface pressures continue to drop, a tropical storm becomes a hurricane when sustained wind speeds exceed 64 knots. A pronounced rotation develops around the central core as spiral rain bands rotate around the eye of the storm. Winds in most hurricanes can become much stronger and can cause worst damages.

The picture shows the features of hurricane tightly formed and there is a visible eye at its center but not all hurricanes appear in the same way 

So, do you understand about the process that i have explained ?? I hope you understand what we've been explained..

GREATER EFFECT OF HURRICANES

SUMMARY

GREATER EFFECT OF HURRICANES IN BUSINESS INTERRUPTION CLAIMS

In particular, the parties were in dispute, and the court has addressed whether business interruption claims assessment should take into account the effect of the hurricane (or other catastrophic event) has on the surrounding region, positive or negative, including the impact on policyholders and competitors to the local economy. Some courts have rules that the calculation of business interruption claims must take into account the real – world economic conditions that exist after, and caused by the hurricane. In other words, the assumption should be that exist after, and caused by the hurricane. In other words, the assumption should be that the hurricane hit, but did not damage the property of the policyholder. 

Other courts, however, have decided that the calculation of business interruption should assume that the hurricane had never happened at all and thus should be based on the pre – loss projections, and economic conditions.If the hurricane give affected to policyholder’s competitors, therefore, considers as the greater effects of the hurricane that may allow a policyholder to recover profits that it would have earned had it, like Bubba Gump Shrimp. He would be able to continue operating his business after interrupted the business from hurricane damage. On the other hand, if the hurricane is effect to the local economy, it will result in decreased demand for goods or services to policyholder. 

So, business interruption claims of policyholders can be reduce or negate. “Due consideration shall be given to the experience of the business before the Period of Recovery and experience thereafter had no loss occurred”, this interpretation phrase has been analyzed and given focus by courts for hurricane Katrina issue. In response to these cases, the insurance industry starting to crafting policy language that addresses the situation where a larger (or lack of) impact of hurricanes or other perils that will be factored into the evaluation of business interruption claims. Variations of this language now exist in the market today.

Cases Construing the “Had No Loss Occurred” Policy Language

“There is no loss has occurred”, this issue are measured in the context of the policy language that requires for business interruption losses to policyholder. Some of these cases examining the appropriateness of post – event economic conditions have addressed this issue. There is an example for relevant business interruption that commonly appears in business interruption insurance provisions:In determining the loss below, due consideration shall be given in order to earning business income before the date of the damage or destruction and the income possibilities after that and no loss occurs.

Cases Declining to Considers the “Greater Effects” of the Storm.

Some courts have interpreted this language to require that the losses for policyholder must be measured as the event trigger is not the case at all. Thus, courts have ruled that the policyholder cannot recover for losses incurred as a hypothesis would have earned during the recovery period or the occurrence of the events taken and caused widespread damage but no property is damaged policyholders. Although the court said pre – storm losses policyholders inconclusive establish that it would not be profitable after the storm, it concluded that “in the absence of loss” policy language reflects the intent to exclude from consideration after the loss of the economic situation caused by the same event causing property damage for policyholders. 

Other courts also have adopted this rationale in holding the claim of business interruption, policyholders should not include this amounts obtained as a result of the economic situation after the damage caused by the event to promote the same cause business interruption losses policyholders. The court also explained that the meaning of “loss” and “incident”. There are separate and district terms. But both term “related intertwined under the language of the provision of business interruption”.  Courts also held that this language policy prohibits insurance carriers from relaying on the economic situation after the damage caused by a covered peril to reduce business interruption recovery policyholders.

Cases Consideration the “Greater Effect” of the storm

On the other hand, at least one court has interpreted the meaning of “loss” for property damage suffered by policyholder, not the event or occurrence that causes the property damage. The court agreed with the policyholder that holding the policy required a person to “see how situation for policyholder as if each individual. The court found that “loss” necessarily must have the different meaning of “occurrence” which clearly referred to the hurricane, and give a reason that if the parties had intended to exclude economic condition after the hurricane from consideration the provisions evaluation of business interruption policy will use the term “occurrence” rather than “loss”. 

The court also rejected the argument windfall from insurers, explained that the stores policyholders will be reaped profits after the hurricane, and that these losses are exactly what the policy is required to cover. A several other court, constructing different policy language, also has allowed policyholder to recover increased income or profits they would have earned during the recovery period due to better business environment created by the perils damage their property. There the court held that the policyholder, which was flooded causing business interruption losses, is entitled to recover lost profits it would have increased consumer demand were it to continue operations after the storm. The policy therefore “clearly” “protected” profit opportunities due to increased consumer demand created by flood.

Policy Language Specifically Addressing Post – Loss Economic Condition Caused by the Event triggering coverage

In response to the dispute and the case law on the impact of a greater consideration of a hurricane or other perils in the vicinity, some business interruption provisions now include language specially address whether the post-loss of economic conditions should factor into the calculation of business interruption losses policyholders. There are variations of this language. The court also stated that the policy “may not recover for loss of business income due to wind damage suffered by the customer and competitive business. 

Conversely, any increased in demand or reduction in supply caused by floods customer competitors in other real estate is a factor that allowed the calculation of business income is missing”. Furthermore, the court held the policy’s flood exclusion was inapplicable. This is because the exclusion is relevant only to determination of the coverage and there also was no dispute that the policy covered wind damage. Furthermore, the policyholder was permitted to recover some additional lost income due to arising rental rates which result from flooding.

In additional, some policies state that the “probable experience” of the business during the recovery period will consider any increasing and decreasing in the demand for the policyholder’s goods or services during the recovery period , whether increase or decrease is from the same event which caused the physical loss that cause the business interruption coverage.

The important take away from the “greater or not greater effects”, the policy language will included in business interruption valuation provisions can be determinative for the purpose to review this language when buying or renewing the policies. The policies particularly different variants of this language exist in the market place. Moreover, companies should avoid buying policies that allow carriers to reap the benefits of an economic downturn.

What Is Pecuniary Insurance?

Derived from the Latin word, pecuniary meaning money, pecuniary insurance, in simple terms, deals with monetary loss in some form or other.

Pecuniary insurance is coverage for monetary loss due to a wide range of factors from external and internal influences. Specifically, under this coverage only money lost is payable upon proof of claim.

Business Interruption

In pecuniary, business interruption is a business operation interrupted by damage to property caused by fire or any other perils, If, for example, a business is flooded by torrential rains, this coverage will pay the losses incurred as a result of an interruption in the company's regular business. The policy limits the amount of lost business time a company can claim on any loss. This time-frame is called the indemnity period.

Consequential Loss Insurance (CLI)

CLI is an indemnity loss of profit in consequent of material damage to properties used by business in generating profit.